CH-2
- Exercise Systematics
of Living Organisms
Q.1 Choose correct
option
A)Which of the following
shows single stranded RNA and lacks protein coat? a)Bacteriophage b)
Plant virus c) Viroid
d) Animal virus
B)Causative agent of red
tide is……………..
a) Dinoflagellate b. Euglenoid c.
Chrysophyte d.
Lichen
C)Select odd one out for
Heterotrophic bacteria.
a)Nitrogen
fixing bacteria b)Lactobacilli c)Methanogens d)Antibiotic production
d)Paramoecium : Ciliated Protist Plasmodium ………
a)Amoeboid protozoan b) Ciliophora
c)Flagellate protozoan d)
Sporozoan
Q.2
Answer the following
A)What are the salient features of monera?
Ans-
(1)
They are consists of prokaryotic, unicellular organisms.
(2)
They are all types of environment and
thus are called omnipresent.
(3)
Mode of nutrition in some is photoautotrophic or chemoautotrophic; heterotrophic in nature.
(4)
They do not have well defined nucleus due to lack of nuclear membrane.
(5) plasmids are present which are smaller
circular molecules of DNA as extra chromosomal genetic elements.
(6)
Cell wall is made up of
peptidoglycan, murein. This is a
polymer of sugars and amino acid.
(7)
Membrane bound cell organelles are absent.
(8)
Monera reproduce by asexual mode such as binary fission or budding , sexual
reproduction by conjugation method is seen.
(9)
On the basis of evolution, Monera is subdivided into Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria.
(10) morphological characters they are divided
into four groups, the Coccus (spherical), the bacillus (rod-shaped), vibrlo
(comma or kidney shaped) and spirillum the (spiral). E.g. Varieties of bacteria.
B)
What will be the shape of bacillus and coccus type of bacteria?
Ans-
Bacillus is rod shaped bacteria and Coccus is spherical bacteria.
Q.3
Write short notes
A)Useful
and harmful bacteria
Ans. Useful bacteria :
(l) Bacteria that convert milk into curds i.e. Lactobacilli are used in food industry.
(2) Nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter, Nrtrosomonas, Rhizobilm, etc. they are provide nitrogen from the soil to the leguminous plants.
(3) production of antibiotics used Streptomyces.
(4) Bacteria are used in degradation of crude oil. E.g. Pseudomonas sps. and decomposition process to prepare compost.
(5)
Biogas production is done by methanogenic bacteria.
Harmful bacteria :
(
1) Different types of diseases are caused due to pathogenic bacteria in human,
animals and plants.
(2)
Typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, tetanus, leprosy, bacillary dysentery are
various diseases that infect human beings.
(3)
Plant diseases such as galls and overgrowths,
leaf spots, specks and blights, soft rots, as well as scabs and cankers
are produced by bacteria. .
(4)
Most plant pathogenic bacteria are following genera : Pectobacterium, Pantoea, Agrobactertum,
Acidouorax, Xanthomonas, Clautbacter, Streptomgces, Xgletla, Spiroplasma.
(5)
Animals and pets have bacterial infections are -Actinobacillosis,
Actinomycosis, Anthrax, Bacillary White Diarrhoea, Brary, Botulism,
Botryomycosis, Bumble Fbot, Brucellosis
on Cattle, Pasteurellosis
B) Five Kingdom system
(1)
In this system of classification, living organisms have been classified into
five kingdoms, viz., .
i)Monera
ii)Protista iii)Fungi iv)Plantae v) Animalia.
(2) This system of classification was proposed
by R. H. Whittaker in 1969.
(3)
This system shows the phylogenetic relationship between the
organisms.
(4)
This system avoids the confusion created by two kingdom system of
classification which was given by Carl Linnaeus.
i) Bacterial Viruses that infect bacterial
cells are called bacteriophages which
normally have double stranded DNA
ii) Plants Viruses that infect plants cells
are called Plants Viruses cause
leaf curling, yellowing, mosaic formation etc, in plants.
ii) Animals Viruses that infect cells animals are called Animals Viruses foot and mouth disease in animals .
Q.7.Identify the following diagrams, label them and
write detail information in your words.
A) Euglena
(l) The given organism is Euglena.
(2) It is flagellated protista.It is in group
Euglenoids. .
(3) Euglenoids are heterotrophic flagellates
and autotrophic .
(4) It has two flagella one is short and
other is long.
B) Mucor
(1)
The givenorganism is of Mucor, which belongs to Kingdom Fungi and class
Phycomycetes‘.
(2)
They are decomposers and hence grow in damp, moist habitats on decaying organic
matter.
(3)
The body consists of hyphae.
(4)
the hyphae sporangiophore are bear
sporangium .
(5)
sporangium liberate spores, which help in asexual reproduction.
C) Paramoecium.
(1)
The organism shown is Paramoecium.
(2)
It belongs to Kingdom Protista. It is animal like Protista. .
(3)
Cilia are used for locomotion. it is called ciliateprotozoan.
(4)
There is gullet that opens on the cell surface. .
(5)
Large vacuoles are seen which help in
osmoregulation.
D) BacterioPhage
(1)
This is bacteriophage. It is an acellular organism.
(2)This
is a virus that infects the bacterial cells.
(3)They
have a core of genetic material is
surrounded by capsid with protein coat.
(4)
The structure consists of head, core and basal plate possessing tail
fibres.
E) Aspergillus
(1)
The given diagram is that of Aspergillus. .
(2)
It is Commonly known as mould. .
(3)
Aspergillus belongs to kingdom Fungi . .
(4)It
is belongs to class Ascomycetes.
(5)
It grows in the damp and moist
regions.
(6)
They are largely found in soil or land.
(7)
They have important in human health,
agriculture as well as in biological sciences .
(8) They are also called conidial fungi because they reproduce asexually through the production
F) Agaricus
(1)
The given diagram is of Agaricus, mushroom.
(2)
The small, white, apical is the fruiting-bodies.
(3)
The dome-shaped upper portion is known as pileus.
(4)
The lower hyphae constitute the stalk or stripe.
(5)
The margins of the pileus are connected with the stipe with the help of a
membrane called inner veil or velum.
(6)
Two gill-chamber cavities are present, one on either side of the pileus.
(7)
From the roof of these cavities arise many gills or lamellae.
(8)
Button stage is a developmental stage of the fruiting body of Agaricus.
Q)8-The scientific name of sunflower is given below.
Identify the correctly written name
A)Helianthus annus
B)Helianthus Annus