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Chapter 1: Living World
Q-1=Choose correct option:
A) Which is not a
property of living being?
1. Metabolism
2. Decay
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
B) A particular plant
is strictly seasonal plant. Which one of the following is best suited if it
is to be studied in
the laboratory?
1. Herbarium
2. Museum
C) A group of
students found two cockroaches in the classroom. They had a debate whether
they are alive or dead. Which life property will help them to do so?
1. Metabolism
2. Growth
3. Irritability
4. Reproduction
Q-2= Distinguish between botanical gardens, zoological park and biodiversity
park with reference
to characteristics.1)
Botanical Gardens
1) Plants of different varieties collected from different parts of the world are grown in vivo in a scientific and systematic manner in a botanical garden.
2) It is a type of
ex situ conservation.
3. It
is related to conservation of various flora.
Zoological Parks
1) Zoological
parks are places where
wild animals are kept
in captivity.
2) It
is a type of ex situconservation.
3) It is related to conservation of various fauna.
Biodiversity Parks
1)
It is an assemblage of species that form self-sustaining communities on
degraded/ barren landscape. 2) It is a type of in situ conservation.
3) It is related to conservation
of all biodiversity.
Q-3= Answer the following questions.
A) Jijamata Udyan, the famous zoo in Mumbai has acclimatised
humbolt penguins. Why should penguins be acclimatised when kept at a place away
from their natural habitat?
Ans=
- Humboldt
penguins are kept in temperature monitored chambers. Their food and habitat is
maintained as per their natural habitat.
- This has made them acclimatized to the conditions of the zoo.
- If such care is not taken, penguins will not
be able to survive in Mumbai's climate having higher temperatures and humidity.
- These conditions will cause death of penguins, hence they are acclimatized.
B) Riya found peculiar plant on her visit to Himachal Pradesh. What are the ways she can show it to her biology teacher and get information about it?S
Ans=Riya
can pluck the plant and take it to her teacher after preserving it in the form
of
herbarium. But this
is not advisable as it destroys local biodiversity. Hence she can click pictures
of the plant and take it to her teacher. Also by keen observation, the detailed
structure of the plant can be noted.
C) At Andaman, authorities do not allow tourists to collect shells from beaches. Why it must be so?UTI
Ans= 1. Seashells
are an important part of the coastal ecosystem and are crucial for the
survival of various
marine creatures.
2. They provide
material for building nests of birds and also act as a substratum for
attachment of
algae, sea grass, sponges and various microbes.
3. Fishes use
shells for hiding from predators, whereas hermit crabs use shells as
temporary shelters.
4. Removal of
seashells from seashores may also indirectly affect the rate of shoreline
erosion.Hence, in an attempt to protect the ecosystem, authorities in Andaman
do not
allow tourists to
collect shells from beaches.
D) Why do we have green house in botanical
gardens?LUTION
Ans= When tourists
collect the shells from beaches, it causes loss of biodiversity. Some
shells may contain
animal inside.
This should be therefore avoided. By impact of
tourists the natural ecosystem is also disturbed. There may be illegal trade of
the collected shells and specimens. Therefore, authorities do not allow
tourists to do so.
E) What do you understand from terms like in
situ and ex situ conservation?SOLUTION
Ans= 1. In situ conservation: It includes
conservation of species in their natural habitats.Grazing, cultivation and
collection of products from the forests is banned in such areas. Legally
protected areas include national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
2. Ex situ conservation: It includes conservation
of species outside their natural habitats. Species are conserved in botanical
gardens, culture collections and zoological parks.
Q 4=Write short notes.
A) Role of human being in biodiversity conservation?LUTION
Ans=1. Due to rapid
increase in human population and industrialization, humans have
over utilized
natural resources; leading to degradation of the environment and
hence only humans
can help conserve the ecosystem.
2. Humans are
capable of conserving and improving the quality of nature and thus,
can play a major
role in biodiversity conservation.
3. In order to
conserve biodiversity and its environmental resources, humans must
use the resources
rationally and avoid excessive degradation of environment.
4. Human beings are
stakeholders of the environment and need to come together
to overcome
pollution and improve the environment quality in order to conserve
biodiversity. E.g.
Ban or limit on use of harmful products (plastic, chemicals, etc.)
that are toxic to
various birds, animals, etc.
5. Human beings
also play a role in conservation of biodiversity by establishment of various
sites for in situ (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere
reserves) and ex
situ (botanical gardens, culture collections and zoological
parks)
conservation.
B) Importance of botanical garden.OLUTION
Ans= 1. Local flora
is recorded in the botanical gardens.
2. There is
collection of monographic works.
3. Living plant
material and preserved specimens whlch are needed for studies and
research are kept
in collection here.
4. Seeds and plants
can be supplied from botanical gardens.
5. Greenhouse is
maintained for the cultivation of rare and uncommon plants.
6. There is research laboratory associated with some of the botanical gardens.
Q.5= How can you, as an individual, prevent the loss of Biodiversity?OLUTION
Ans=
As individuals, we can prevent loss of biodiversity in the following ways:
1. Increasing
awareness about environmental issues. Making posters that provide
more information
about biodiversity conservation, to raise public awareness.
2. Increased
support and/or active participation in government policies and actions
laid down for
conservation of biodiversity.
3. Protect various
plant and animal species in our surrounding.
4. Set up bird and
bat houses wherever possible.
5. Prevent felling
of trees especially native plants or trees in a particular area.
6. Reduce, recycle
and reuse resources. Especially, reduce pollution and use of
plastic bags and
other materials that are potential threats for the environment.
7. Use environment
friendly products, segregate and dispose garbage correctly.
8. Convince people
about the importance of trees and the need to participate in tree
plantation
campaign.
9. Obey the rules that fall under Biodiversity Act