ANNUAL UNIT PLANING BIOLOGY XII s c


ANNUAL UNIT PLANING                                                                    SUBJECT - BIOLOGY   STD -     XII sc           

SUBJECT TEACHER -  Shri Tamkhane Barku Dhudaku                                                    BOOK-Maharastra State Board of secondary &

higher secondary  Education, Pune 

2025-26

JUNE 2025

  • Unit 1:  Reproduction
  • Chapter -1    Period -13
  • Reproduction in lower and higher plants.
  • 1.Introduction Reproduction
  • 2.Asexual reproduction
  • 3.Microsporogcnesis
  • 4.Structure of anatropaus ovule
  •  5.Megas paragenesis
  • 6.Pollination            
  • 7.Outbreeding devices - Contrivances
  • 8.Pollen pistil interaction
  • 9.Double fertilization
  • 10.Development of endosperm
  • 11. Development of embryo
  • 12.Seed and fruit development
  • 13.Apomixis
  • 14.Parthenocarpy
  • 15.Polyembryony

JULY 2025

  • Chapter -2     Period -15
  • Reproduction in lower and higher animals
  • 1.Reproduction                                                                 
  • 2.Asexual Reproduction in animals                                   
  •  3.Sexual Reproduction in animals.                                     
  • 4.Menstrual cycle(Ovarian  cycle)
  • 5. Gametogenesis.
  • 6. Fertilization /Syngamy  
  • 7.Embryonic development
  • 8.Pregnancy/Gestation
  • 9. Placenta
  • 10. Parturition
  • 11.  Lactation
  • 12. Reproductive Health
  • 13. Birth control
  • 14.Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs.

    Unit II.

    Genetics and Evolution

Chapter -3   Period -6 

  • Inheritance and Variation
  • 1.Chromosomes and mechanism of inheritance
  • 2.Genetic Terminology   
  •  3.MendelsLaws of Inheritance  
  •  4.Back Cross and Test Cross    
  • 5.Devianons from Mendel's fmdings   
  •  6.Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance 
  • 7.Chromosomes
  • 8.Linkage and Crossing over
  • 9.Autosomal Inheritance
  • 10. Sex Linked Inheritance                                  
  • 11.Sex Determination
  •  12. Genetic  Disorder

Chapter -Period -6

Molecular Basis of Inheritance                         

  • 1. The Discvery of DNA      
  • 2. The  Genetic Material is a DNA
  • 3 DNA packaging
  • 4. DNA replication
  • 5.  Protein synthesis
  • 6. Regulation of gene expression
  • 7.Operon concept
  • 8.Genomics
  • 9. Human Genome Project
  • 10 . DNAFingerprinting.

Test& practical

Experiments:

  • 1)Dissect the given flower and display its different whorls.
  •  2) Perform the experiment to isolate DNA from given sample
  • 3)To study plant population density and frequency by quadrat method
  • 4) To studyosmosis by poatato osmoscope

AUGUST 2025

Chapter5      Period -9

Origin and Evolution of life-

  • 1. Origin of life (Protoblogenests)
  • 2. Chemical Evolution of Life (Self-assembly theory of origin of life)
  • 3.  organic Evolution
  • 4. Darwinism
  • 5. Mutation Theory
  • 6. Modern synthetic theory of evolution
  • 7. Mechanism of organic evolution
  • 8. Hardy-Weinberg's principle
  • 9. Adaptive radiation
  • 10. Evidences of organic evolution
  • 11.Speciation
  • 12. Geological time scale
  • 13. Human Evolution

  • Unit-III  Physiology 
  • Chapter -6  Period -6
  •  Plant water relations  
  • 1.Introducton
  • 2.  Properties of water
  • 3. Water absorbing organ
  • 4. Water available to roots for absorption
  • 5. Absorption of water by roots from soil
  •  6. Water potential
  • 7. Plasmolysis
  • 8. Path of water across the root
  • 9. Mechanism of absorption of water
  • 10. Translocation of water
  • 11. Transport of mineral ions
  • 12.  Transport of food
  • 13. Transpiration
  • 14. Structure of stomatal apparatus

Chapter -7   Period -7

Plant growth and Mineral Nutrition

  • 1. Plant growth
  • 2. Phases of growth
  • 3. Conditions for growth
  • 4. Growth rate and type of growth
  • 5. Growth curve
  • 6.  Differenttarton.De-differenttarton
  • 7. Development
  • 8. Plasticity
  • 9. Growh Hormones
  • 10. Photopertodism
  • 11. Vernalization
  • 12.Mineral nutrition
  • 13 Nitrogen cycle                 

TEST-I

Test& practical

  • 5)To study soil samples for types.
  • 6)To study water samples for pH, and clarity

September 2025

Chapter -8     Period -14

Respiration and circulation 

1.  Respiration

2. Organs of respiratory exchange

3. Human respiratory system

4. Mechanism of respiration

5. Regulation of breathing

6.Modified respiratory movements

7.Common disorders of respiratory system

8.Transportation in living organisms

9. Circulation in animals

10. Circulatory system in human

11 Red blood corpuscles/erythrocytes

12 White blood corpuscles/leucocytes

13. Thrombocytes / platelets

14. Heart

15. Mechanism of human heart

16. Blood vessels

17.Blood Pressure(B.P)

18.Electrocardiogram

19. Lymphatic system

Chapter -9  Period -9

Control and coordination   .

  • 1. Introduction Nervous Coordination
  • 2. Nervous System in Hydra
  • 3. Nervous System in Planaria(flatworm)
  • 4. Neural tissue
  • 5. Synapse
  • 6. Transmission of nerve impulse along the axon
  • 7. Human Nervous System
  • 8. Sensory Receptors
  • 9. Disorders of nervous system Chemical Coordination
  • 10.  Endocrine system
  • 11.Major endocrine glands  

practical 

Spotting:

 (A)

  •  i)To study maize flowers to observe adaptations for wind pollination.
  • ii)To study Salvia flower to observe adaptations for insect pollination
  • B) To study of meiosis
  • C) To study of bagging or taggingor emasculation

October 2025

Unit-IV

Applied Biolog

Chapter -10  Period -6

Human Health and Disease

  • 1. Introduction           
  • 2.  Immunit
  • 3. Structure of antibody
  • 4. Common human diseases
  • 5. Adolescenc
  • 6. Addiction            
  • 7. Drugs abuse

PRACTICAL

 D)

i)To study plants found in xeric conditions with 

respect to their morphological adaptations

 ii)To study plants found in aquatic conditions with

 respect to their morphological

TERM END EXAM   

DIWALI VACATION

NOVEMBER

Chapter -11   Period -9

 Enhancement of food production

  • 1. Improvement in Food Production   
  • 2 . Plant breeding
  • 3.Tissue culture
  • 4 .Single cell protein (SCP) 5.Biofortification
  • 6.  Animal husbandry
  • 7.  Microbes in human welfare
  • 8. Role of Microbes in Industrial Production
  • 9.  Microbes in Sewage Treatment
  • 10.  Microbes in Energy Generation
  • 11.  Role of Microbes as Blocootrol Agents
  • 12 . Role of Microbes as Blofertllizers

Chapter–  Period -9

12.Biotechnology                                                                  

  • 1.Biotechnology
  • 2.Principles and Processes of Biotechnology
  • 3. Methodology for  r-DNA technology
  • 4. Applications of Biotechnology
  • 5. Bioethics
  • 6.Effects of Biotechnology on the Environment
  • 7.Effects of Biotechnology on Human Health
  • 8. Biopatent and Biopiracy.

Unit-V.

Ecology and Environment

Chapter –  Period -7

13 Organisms and population                                                                

  • 1.  Introduction
  • 2.organisms and the environment around
  • 3. Major Abiotic Factors
  • 4.  Adaptation
  • 5 Population
  • 6.Population Interactions.

practical

  1. E) Separation of plant pigments by paper chromatography
  2. F) To study of anatropus /orthrotopus ovule .
  3. G)) To identify common disease causing organisms and comment on thesymptoms of the diseases they cause.
  4. H) To study of human brain

DECEMBER

Chapter –  Period -7

14 Ecosystems and energy flow   

  1.  Introduction   
  2.  Ecosystem  
  3.   Energy flow  
  4.   Ecological pyramids
  5.   Nutrient cycles 
  6.  Ecological succession
  7.  Ecosystem services

Chapter -15  Period -10

Biodiversity conservation

and Environmental Issues

  1.  Introduction
  2. Levels of biodiversity
  3. Patterns of biodiversity
  4. Biodiversity, current scenario
  5. Loss of  biodiversity
  6. conservation and, btodlversity
  7. Biological Diversity Act 2002
  8. Environmental issues
  9. Greenhouse effect and global warming Ozone depletion Ozone depletion
  10. Deforestation 
  11. Mission Hartt Maharashtra

 practical

  • I)  To study the prepared pedigree charts of some genetic traits
  • J) To study the animals found in xeric (desert) conditions with 
  • respect to their morphological adaptations
  • iii)To study the animals found in aquatic conditions with respect 
  • to their morphological adaptations

January 2026

PRILIMINARY     EXAM

 Practice- PRACTICAL EXAM

  1. February,   &  March
  2. BOARD  PRACTICAL EXAM
  3.  BOARD  THEORY  EXAM





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